Haiyuan County, found the "caiyuan" near the village of the Neolithic site dating back 4,000 years and tombs. The era of the late Yangshao equivalent, but the cultural connotation different from other regions of the same culture that is self-contained original indigenous cultures.
    Garden remains Survey in 1984 found. Since 1985, Ningxia Institute of Archaeology Museum of Archaeology and the Chinese Ministry of Shiji Li in the garden around the village a long, wide slopes on two or three years more than 3 years continuous, systematic investigation, test excavation, excavation work, a comprehensive to explore the cutter, jar mouth, stockade beam cemetery, part of the excavated sites Linzi Liang, test excavation of the gully, ditch sites and two children lying woods Bay cemetery. Neolithic tombs were cleaning up more than 120 seats, eight houses, pottery kilns Block 1, pits than 20, a total of more than 4,000 pieces of relics, including stone, bone, pottery and other production tools, utensils, and life decorations. In addition, animal bones, clamshell.
    Archaeologists have been determined based on the current era of carbon-14 data infer that its age dated to 4240 ~ 3980 years ago, the case of the late Neolithic Age, the equivalent of the late Yangshao the Central Plains.
    Cultural relics have been excavated and has a distinctive geographical characteristics of the times. The central area of the site, such as Lin Ziliang Kiln Point dense housing and cultural accumulation of up to 4.9 meters thick at most. Cutter the clan cemetery, Graves in the strange, from oval, rounded rectangular earthen pit tombs to the ladder, gourd-shaped cavity side of the shrine again alternation of the tomb of the process is very clear. Earthen side of the shrine from the tomb of one end of the tomb of the end of the pit about 15 cm out specialized niches near the small rectangular top of the key, set the tomb on the stage, funerary objects are concentrated in low-lying end of the piling, stacking objects into pits. The burial style of the Neolithic in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River is still rare.
This is no funeral ceremony a few graves with burial, burial limb movement to the main burial limb sideways, a small tomb was leant or sideways. Cutter to pop a cemetery and burial jar mouth, and the stockade were the second beam cemetery burial.
Archaeologists unearthed pottery comparative study of that: ditch popular site child pottery depression, its age earlier than other cultural sites; in time, the cemetery and the cutter to the mouth jar cemetery very early years, the stockade beam, two cemeteries and cut wood Bay roughly the same cemetery late Dao, gully sites and Linzi Liang close to the site two years, an era of Lin Ziliang site boundaries and Machang Majiayao culture types are equivalent, but far cry from the cultural landscape.
    Several cemetery buried in sand pottery pottery are the majority, Taizhi rough, mottled color pottery, Tongshen a decoration. The general characteristics of family control is the shape of simple, practical, simple and elegant decoration. Chipped stone tools unearthed in a wide range of individual small, sharp blade edge, with a typical microliths style. Is the most representative scrapers, a blade end scrapers, side scrapers blades, scrapers conchoidal three, there are sharp leaf-shaped device, stone arrowheads, columnar stone cores, wedge-shaped cores and blades, which have shown a strong nomadic style. Bone with knives, daggers, chisels, several cones to prove that livestock production plays an important role.
    Compatible with the production of social forms is also reflected in the tomb. Burial site of very different scale, the largest with 6.24 square meters, the smallest is only 0.94 square meters. Difference between the number of grave goods is also very poor, most are 50 at least, only one, the wealth of difference is obvious. Cutter to more than 1,000 pieces unearthed from decorations (mostly beads), most of the female owner of the tomb in the neck or wrist. Most are women tomb burial objects. Burial customs of women, indicating that the social status of women than men. Cutter the joint burial tomb was the only mother and son joint burial, indicating that time is the emphasis on matrilineal kinship ties. Clear that the whole cemetery burial location, shape and funeral ceremony, no one has a distinct specificity. Archaeologists believe that the stage of social development should be at the end of matriarchal society, although no members of the society among the high and low social status of the other, but the information in the possession of production and life has been a disparity in the amount.
    Mid-level and cultural Majiayao plant types and horses, compared Graves in the cemetery garden is more complex, many different types of contours are less regular. Niches in the tomb inside the customs side, not found in the Mid-Levels and horse plant type. In economic life, due to the chipped stone garden cemetery of the small stone-based, bone is also used for piercing and cutting, grinding is not a typical agricultural tools, and horse shows here and Mid-levels are very different plant types. These findings for the study of the origin of Northwest culture, development and exchange, opened up a new way.