|  | In the early 20th  century, most Chinese lack of the spirit of unit and cooperation, so Yan’s  civic education focused on it. He published many textbooks about civic  education and did research on rural government and directed farmers to carry  out family education. The purpose of civic education was to cure misgovernment  and train people’s cooperation spirit. | 
                        
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                          | Civic education | Democratic Selection of village head | 
                        
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                          | Cartoon about saving the nation | Yan was advocating resisting Japan and  saving the nation. | 
                        
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